Pump.



1. M. MICHIAELSON.

PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1912. 1,175,970. Patented M r. 21,1916.

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PUMP.

APPLiCATlON FILED JULY 11. 1912.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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1.. M. MICHAELSON.

PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY H. 1912.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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APPLICATION FILED JULY H. 1912- PUMP.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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J. M. M ICHAELSON. PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY H, i9l2. 1,175,970. A Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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J. M. MICHAELSON.

PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY H, 1912. 1,175,970.

L M. IVIICHAELSON.

PUMP APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1912.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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J. M. MICHAELSON.

PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY.H| 1912- Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

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THE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON, 0. c.

JOSEPH .lVL MICHAELSON, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

Application filed July 11, 1912. Serial No. 708,857.

-within which a piston or plunger is arranged to reciprocate and toeffect limited longitudinal'movement of said plunger cylinder in thedirection of piston travel, means K for moving said cylinder in adirection opposite to that of the piston travel at a predetermined pointor points in the piston stroke, and a pressureor discharge chamber, saidcylinder being provided with suitably arranged apertures or portswhereby its interior may be placed in communication at proper intervalswith said discharge chamber and with a source of liquid supply; and itrelates more particularly to duplex or multiplex double-acting pumpscomprising a plurality of plunger cylinders, plungers and means formoving said cylinders, arranged in units as above described, butarranged to discharge liquid into a discharge chamber common to all theunits and to draw liquid from a common source; and it also relates toso-called casing pumps adapted for submerged and non-submergedoperation, andembodying the same general principles of constructionaforesaid; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

In pumps employed to draw water from a source of supply and to expel itunder pressure through suitable conduits to a place of use, it has beenalmost universally customary to employ valves of one kind or anotherengaging valve seats and held thereon by water or spring pressure,reduction in such pressure or overcoming of the same by superiorpressure serving to cause the valves to lift'fom their seats and to openat desired intervals for the ingress or egress of water. Valves of thistype are well known to be very troublesome in practice, and in spite ofmany attempts to avoid the chili culties incident to their use, theystill remain notably unsatisfactory elements in pump construction.

One object of the present invention is to do away with the necessity forvalves of this typeg'in fact to do away with valves in a term valve isordinarily understood inthis connection.

Another object of the invention is to eliminate or to reduce to anegligible minimum the amount of slip or loss in efficiency due to wateronce pumped reentering the pumping mechanism and being pumped overagain, and to accomplish this reduction of slip .without causing thepump to hammer.

Still another object of the present invention is to construct a pump ofconsiderably higher efiiciency than has been possible hitherto, byrendering the rate of liquid discharge more nearly uniform throughoutthe piston stroke in spite of -the variations in the speed of pistontravel necessarily incident to the use of reciprocating pistons orplungers. 1

- Other objects sought and attained in the present invention will appearmore fully hereinafter in connection with the description of typicalembodiments of apparatus within the scope of the invention.

In its broader aspects the present pump comprises a plunger cylinder orchamber mounted so as to be capable of limited move ment parallel to theline of plunger travel, said cylinder being provided with apertures orports adapted to serve alternately as inlet or discharge ports accordingto the position of the movable plunger cylinder, and a suitably actuatedpiston arranged to reciprocate within the cylinder and to move the samein the direction of piston travel for a limited distance by reason ofthe pressure of the liquid column imprisoned between the piston and anend of said cylinder. Means are also provided whereby the plungercylinder may be moved in a direction opposed to that of piston travel ata certain point or points in the stroke to imprison such liquid column,and ordinarily this counter movement of the cylinder should occur nearthe end of a discharge stroke Where the piston speed is relativelysmall. In this way moreover the amount of water discharged during thelast part of the stroke may be materially increased over that usual inreciprocating plunger pumps. In order to secure proper timing, the meansfor thus moving the cylinder in opposition to the plunger may veryconveniently beactuated th ough suitable connection by thepiston-driving means.

Pumps constructed according to the present invention may be arranged tobe either single or double acting. The latter type only will however bespecifically described herein. Where the pump is to be double act ing,the plunger cylinder should be closed at both ends and lateral openingsor ports should be provided near each end. Adjacent each end of thecylinder and slidably supporting the same may be for example a housingor the like having stationary ports with which the ports of themovablecylinder register when in their discharge positions and throughwhich liquid is discharged under pressure to a convenient place. Advantageously the ports of these oppositely disposed housings areconnected by suitable conduits to form a unitary discharge or pressurechamber. proportioned and arranged that the movable cylinder may beshifted to move its ports out of registry with the ports of thedischarge housing and into communication with the liquid supply sourceto function as inlet ports. If the pump is to operate submerged in theliquid to be pumped, the portions of the movable cylinder intermediatethe end housings need not be inclosed, the liquid to be pumped being ofcourse presented directly to the ports of the movable cylinder when thelatter is shifted so as to bring the ports at either end outside of therespective housings and into inlet position. If, however, the pump isnot to be thus submerged, some kind of inclosing casing or housing mustbe supplied to form an inlet chamber, such inlet chamber beingconnected, of course, to the source of liquid supply. In such case, theend and intermediate housings may conveniently be a unitarystructure,such as an integral casting, the discharge and inlet portionsthereof being isolated from each other as by suitable diaphragms, forexample, through which may slide the plunger cylinder.

Two or more plunger cylinders with their contained pistons andcylinderactuating means may be grouped to form a pump of the duplex ormultiplex type. In such a pump, adjacent ends of the cylinders may behoused in a single discharge housing or chamber and the pair of housingsmay communicate with each other as in a single cylinder pump. Where anintermediate housing isrequired for an inlet chamber, it may inclose allthe cylinders in a single housing thus economizing weight and space andforming an inlet supply chamber common to all the cylinders. Thisarrangement of parts, to be more fully described hereinafter, is alsobelieved to be'novel.

The plunger cylinder may either be integral, or it may advantageouslycomprise several sections. A convenient arrangement is to provide amiddle section consisting of a tube open at both ends within which thepiston fits and The housings should be so' reciprocates. Suitable capsor thimble-like members-serving as cylinder heads and carryinglateral'ports are detachably mounted on the ends of this tube to closethe same so i F ig. 2 is a general plan of the same; Fig.

3 is a sectional plan of the twin cylinders and housing; Fig. 4 is anend view ofthe twin cylinder housing with the heads, plungers, andcylinders removed; Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are enlarged cross sections ofthe same on the lines 55, 66, 77 and 88, respectively, of Fig. 3'; Fig.9 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 9+9 of Fig. 4, on alarger scale; Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a movable plunger cylinder,partly broken away and in section; Fig. 11 is an end view of Fig; 10seen from the left; Fig."

12 is a cross section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a sideelevation of a single cylinder c'asing'pump having an inclosed intakechamber; Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section of the same on the line14L1el of Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a similar section at rightangles to thatof Fig. 1 1; Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19 and are transverse sections on thelines 1616, 17'17,1818, 1919 and 20-20, respectively, of Fig. 14:; Fig.21 is a side elevation of a single cylinder pump adapted for submergedoperation; Fig. 22 is a longitudinal section of the same on the line2222 of Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is a similar section at right angles to that ofFig. 22; Figs. 2-1, 25, 26 and 27 are transverse sections on lines a r-2a, 25 -25, 26-26, and 27*27, respectively, of Fig. 22; and Figs. 28 to33 inclusive show diagrammatically the relative movements of the plungerand movable plunger cylinder through a complete cycle, thecylinder-actuating mechanism of Figs. 1 to 3 being indicated forpurposes of illustration.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 to 12, the pump designatedgenerally by A, and its accessory driving parts designated generally byB, are supported on suitable foundation members 31 and 32. Plungercylinders 33 and 34 are similar in all respects and have detachable endcaps or thimbles 35, 36, and 37, 38, respectively, forming cylinderheads and bearing members. Each cylinder head may be secured to theintermediate cylinder tube of smaller diameter by screw threads 39, andcountersunk set screws 40 may be provided to engage such threads andprevent the heads from turning thereon. 'Each cap or head is providedwith an upper port 41 and a lower port 42. Ports 41 are arrangedslightly-to one side, and in the assembled'pump said ports of eachplunger open laterally into'the space between the cylinders. Heads (35)and (37) are pro vided with smooth bores 43 in bosses 44 to permitpassage of the piston rod therethrough. 'Heads' (36) and (38) havethreaded central bores extending through bosses 45, and these bosses maycarry set screws 45*, which may be countersunk as shown, for securingrigid attachment toa threaded operating rod to be hereinafter describedmore fully. The pump housing, which is best an integral casting of iron,steel, brass or other suitable material and is stationarily mounted onthe pump foundation, comprises an outer shell 46 internally divided bylongitudinally extending wall or diaphragm 47 having upwardly andlaterally curving portions 48,

into pressure or discharge chamber 49 and intake or suction chamber 50.As is clearly shown in Figs. 4 to 8, the pressure chamber is thuslocated in the upper part and centrally of the housing, while the intakechamber is located therebelow and has lateral extensions 51 which arecylindrical in contour and approximately circular in cross section. Themiddle portion of the intake chamber below the pressure chamber isclosed at one end by wall 52, while at the opposite end is threadedinlet opening 53 adapted for connection to piping leading to a well orother source of liquid supply. The lateral cylindrical portions of theintake chamber terminate some distance-short of the opposite ends of thehousing. Transverse annular diaphragms or webs 54, which are best castintegral with the shell and with the other internal dividing walls ofthe housing, are provided with openings substantially coaxial with saidcylindrical intake extensions and oi such dimensions that their edgesaccommodate the plunger cylinder caps with a close sliding fit andprovide bearings therefor. The cylinder caps may be provided withpacking of suitable design (not shown) to insure a tight sliding fitwith the annularextensions. With the plunger cylinders in place,therefore, terminal chambers or spaces 55 at opposite ends of thehousing and beyond the diaphragms (54) are isolated from the intakechamber, but communicate through ports 56 with the pressure or dischargechamber. The dimensions and location of each annular web or diaphragmand of the ports of the cylinder cap sliding thereagainst are such thatat one end of the cylinder movement the ports in cap 37, for example,open-into the discharge chamber tion to pressure main 58 for conveyingliquid under pressure to a place or" use. A the opposlte end, passage 59leads to air chamber 60 which serves as a butter and pressure regulator.The arrangement of the dis charge outlet and air chamber relative to theother pump parts may of course be varied as desired. The housing may beprovided at one end with flanges 61, suitably bored as at 62 to receivebolts 63 for securing the housing to framework 64 carrying a part of thedriving mechanism. Similarly, flanges 65 at the other end, bored at 66receive bolts 67 securing brackets 68 to the housing. At opposite endsof the housing and in line with the plunger cylinders are providedsuitable openings closed by closures or heads 69 whose inner faces arerecessed, as shown, to receive the caps or heads of the movable plungercylinders. These housing closures are centrally orificed and areremovably secured to the housing as by screw threads 70 or by any othersuitable means of attachment, ready access to the interior pumpmechanism being thus afforded. Pump rods, piston rods, or plunger rods71 and 72 carry pistons or plungers 73 and 74. respectively, providedwith packing rings 75, and are arranged to reciprocate said pistonswithin the plunger cylinders. These pistons are or what is commonlytermed the solid type; that is, they have no passages connecting theiropposite sides. Most conveniently they are built up in the mannerclearly illustrated in Fig. 1. The pump rods slide through openings (43)in cylinder caps (35) and (37), and through the corresponding housingclosures (69), suitable stufiing box devices, designated generally by76. being provided to insure tight joints. Rigidly attached to pistonrod (71) is cross head 77 traveling in cross head guides 78.Connecting'rod 79 pivotally joined to the cross head connects the samewith crank pin 80 on crank wheel 81 rigidlycarried on shaft 82. On theopposite end of the shaft is keyed gear wheel 83 meshing with spur 84fixed on shaft 85 to which power is supplied in any suitable way as byan electric motor or a steam engine. Gear wheel (83) carries crank pin86 to which is secured connecting rod 87 driving a cross head (notshown) at tached to pump rod (7 of the other pump unit. The crank pinsare best set quartering to avoid having both on dead center at any time,and to insure smoother operation of the pump as a whole.

It is usually desirable to provide spacing means to prevent the innerfaces of the plungercylinder'ends from contacting directly 7 directionof piston travel.

with either face of the piston. There is a tendency for this to occur,of course, at the beginning of each plunger stroke, since the positivethrust of the imprisoned water column in front of the advancing face ofthe piston against the other end of the cylinder tends to shift thecylinder suddenly, at aspeed greater than that of the piston, in theThis tends to bring into abutment the rear face of the piston and thecorresponding end of the cylinder. For several reasons it is notdesirable that this should occur. Among other things, it would permitthe piston to extend across the cap ports and the piston packing ringsmight snap outwardly and catch on the edges, of the ports. Then too itis not desirable to instantly close the ports behind the advancingpiston to discharge, but to utilize momentarily the discharge orstandpipe pressure thus communicated to the retreating face of thepiston or plunger. Any suitable means may be provided for effecting thisresult. In the present instance I provide internal bosses 88 on cylindercaps (35) and (37) which slidably embrace rods (71). Bosses89 on caps(36) and (38), together with extensions 90 of the pump rods, act asspacing means at the other end of the cylinder. The described bossesmust not extend into the cylinders so far as to interfere with the fullstroke of the pistons.

Threaded cylinder-operating rods 91 secured to caps (36) and (38), passthrough closures (69) and stufiing boxes 92, and carry spools 93 havingflanges 94. Pivoted at 95 on brackets (68) are levers 96 whose upperendsor heads 97 are arranged to engage the flanges of the spools and therebyto move the plunger cylinders in either direction in the desired manner.It is to be noted that the distance between the spool flanges is greaterthan the width of a lever head,'thus permitting the plunger cylinders tomove independently of said lever-head's within certain limits. oppositeend of each lever is shifting rod 99 which extends longitudinally of.the

pump and its driving parts, and is loosely carried in collar bearing 100suitably secured to the housing of the cross. head guides. Trip blocks101 and 10.2 are adjustably secured to the shifting rod'as by set screws103 and are arrangedto project into the path of travel of the crossheadand to be engaged by the cross head at predetermined points in itsstroke. Thus at the proper point in each stroke the cross head strikesone or the other of the trip blocks thereby moving the shifting rodlongitudinally to the right or left, as the case may be, and throwingthe head of lever (96) in the oppositedirection. The lever head engagesa-fiange of the spool and so moves the operating rod and hence thecorresponding plun- Pivoted at 98 to the" ger cylinder a given distancein the same direction.

It is to be understood that other means for driving the rods 99 thanthat here illustrated may be employed. For example,'each shifting rodmay be provided with means engaging an eccentric carried on shaft (82)whereby the desired reciprocative motion will be transmitted totherods.I The arrangement shown is, however, convenient and satisfactory. f

It is clear from the foregoing that the mechanically produced cylindermovements just described are timed according to the strokes of theplungers or pistons, and that the direction in which each cylinder isthus moved is opposite to the direction of travel of the correspondingpiston at that instant.

The various elements of the cylinder-actuating mechanism as hereillustrated are so' proportioned and arranged that the effective throwof the lever head inengaginga spool flange is less than the width of theeflective port openings in the plunger cylinders. Thus with the ports intheir relative positions indicated in Figs. 1 and '3,

with piston (73) traveling toward the right and the ports in cylindercap ('36) full open to discharge, and the ports in cylinder cap (35)open to intake, the cross head will strike trip block 101 near the endof its stroke and the throw. of lever head (97) should be such as tomove the plunger cyl-' inder to the left until said ports in cap (36)are nearly, but not quite, closed and-the ports in cap (35) arecompletely closed.-

Complete closure of the ports in (36) with the piston traveling asassumed, would :re

sult in water hammer, and would stop-or break the pump. Assuming ports141 to be one inch wide, for example, the plunger may be movedthree-fourths of an inch to the left against the advancing piston,leaving an effective port opening in (-36) of onefourth inch at the endof the stroke. This condition is illustrated at the left hand'end llt ofcylinder 34 in Fig. 3. 'Piston' 74 has just reached the limitof itsstroke toward 7 be in position indicated in Figs. 1 and?) with.

piston 73 traveling toward the right, water will be drawn from intakechamber 51 into plunger cylinder 33 at the left of the piston throughports 41 and 42 in cylinder cap 35; while water previously taken intothe plunger cylinder at the right of the piston or plunger is beingforced out through the ports in cap 36 into discharge or pressurechamber l9, and thence through outlet 57 under pressure. A shortdistance before it reaches the end of its stroke, the crosshead strikestrip block 101, moving the shifting rod to the right and throwing thelever head or knocker 9'? to the left. The knocker by its engagementwith the spool flange thrusts the plunger cylinder a short distance tothe left and of course in a direction opposite to that of plunger travelat that moment. This occurs at a period of the stroke in which the speedof plunger travel is relatively slow and is approaching Zero, so thatthis shifting of the plunger cylinder to the left gives what might becalled a double squeeze between the piston and the cylinder head or cap,forcing the remaining water out of the ports in cap 36 and into thedischarge chamber at a velocity considerably in excess of the velocitywhich it would otherwise attain in that portion of the stroke. In otherwords, the velocity of the water is augmented at the last portion of thestroke. The ports being of ample width, the amount of water thusdischarged near the end of the stroke is materially increased over whatit would be with a stationary cylinder, and the discharge of the pump isthereby rendered more uniform for all points in the stroke. The ports incap 36 are however still slightly open to discharge at the end of thestroke, water hammer being thus prevented. The ports in cap 35 havemeanwhile been closed by this primary shift.

When the plunger reaches its extreme position toward the right andbegins to travel in the reverse direction, the column of water sucked inat the left of the piston on the stroke immediately preceding forms akind of hydraulic piston between the left face of the plunger and theclosed end of cylinder head or cap 35, and its pressure is sufhcient toimmediately shift the plunger cylinder still further to the left incompany with the piston into its extreme position in which the ports ofcap 35 now open into discharge port 56 at that end of the housing topermit discharge of water into the discharge chamber. At the same timethis secondary shift throws the ports of cap 36 into communication withthe inlet chamber 51 from which water is now drawn into the plungercylinder at the piston, communication between this portion of theplunger cylinder and the discharge chamber having been cut off. As thepiston approaches its extreme position at the left, the crossheadstrikes trip block 102 whereby the shifting rod is moved toward theleft, throwing the knocker toward the right to strike the outer flangeof the spool and moving the plunger cylinder toward the right. Theclosed end of cylinder cap 35 thus moves directly against the piston,di-

minishing the clearance as before described to expel water into thedischarge chamber at what may be termed an artificially heightenedvelocity. After reaching its extreme position at the left, the pistonreverses its direction of travel and the plunger cylinder is given asecondary shift toward the right by reason of the pressure of the waterbetween the piston and the closed end of cylinder cap 36 in a mannerentirely similar to that before described. This cycle of operations isrepeated for each stroke of the piston to the right and left. Theoperation of the other pump unit is entirely similar to that netdescribed, the corresponding movements of the parts occurring 90 degreeslater for the setting of the cranks here shown.

Describing the pump movements in somewhat different terms and referringparticularly to cylinder 33, a slight lap of the housing over the intakeports in cap 35 insures the complete closing of these ports and theincomplete closing of the discharge ports in cap 36 on the preliminaryshift of the cylinder toward the left. This imprisons a cylinder full ofWater at the suction end and leaves partly open to discharge thedischarge end at the end of a stroke to prevent hammer. On the returnstroke the imprisoned cylinder of water moves with the piston andplunger cylinder, thereby giving the cylinder a secondary shift andbringing the former intake port past the housing to now become adischarge port connecting with the discharge chamber, and bringing theformer discharge port past its housing to now become an intake portconnecting with the intake chamber. The positive andab- .soluteimprisonment of this cylinder of liquid insures this movement beingaccomplished without slip.

It is to be noted that ample clearance between the cylinder caps and thehousing is provided at each end of the pump, these spaces being in freecommunication with the discharge chamber. In this way there is alwayssubstantially the same pressure acting on both the outer ends of theplunger cylinder: namely, the stand-pipe pressure or, in other words,the pressure against which water is discharged from the plungercylinder. By thus equalizing the pressure on both ends of the plungercylinder, a comparatively small force is required to shift the same tocause proper registry of the cylinder ports with the inlet and dischargechambers. It is also to be noted that the clearance before mentioned issomewhat exaggerated below the ends of the cylinders and in the vicinityof ports 42. This is indicated at 104C in Figs. 4, 5 and 8. By providingthis clearance, accumulation of dirt, small stones, etc., which may bedrawn into the pump is prevented, the sweep of the Water forced throughthese lower ports being sufficient to carry all such material out of thepump itself and into the discharge chamber from which it may be easilyremoved as occasion required. This arrangement precludes injury of themoving pump parts from such causes.

It is sometimes convenient to provide auxiliary means for starting thepump where self-priming does not readily occur, although ordinarily suchauxiliary means may be dispensed with. For example, means may beprovided for mechanically reciproeating the cylinders over theircomplete paths of travel through a sufficient number of strokes to fillthe cylinders. Such means may advantageously be connected to thecylinder-operating rods and be driven by the pump-driving means, andshould be arranged to be thrown out of gear after the pump is workingproperly.

The pump shown in Figs. 13 to 20 inclusive embodies substantially thesame general principles as the pump hereinbefore described. Theparticular pump shown in these figures howeveris whatis known as acasing pump and is employed, for example, with drilled wells, and isusually intended to work in a vertical position. The pump parts aresurrounded by a housing indicated generally by 150 and is interiorlydivided by suitable walls or partitions, which are best cast integralwith the housing, into an intake chamber 151 of annular cross section,and pressure chambers 152 and 153 at or near the ends of the casing,said pres sure chambers being connected with each other by passages 154,extending along the sides of the housing and opening into the lowerdischarge chamber through the ports 155. The intake chamber extendsdownwardly around the lower discharge chamber in separate passages, 156which merge therebelow into pipe 157 threaded for connection to aconduit leading to a supply of water or other liquid to'be pumped. Theupper pressure chamber may be connected by a threaded coupling 157 topipe 158 for conveying the pumped liquid to a place of use.

. l66.secured to pump rod 167 is actuated by '60 drive means n t shownand slides within the plunger cylinder. Packing rings, not shown. may beprovided to insure a tight fit. The plunger rod carries a collar 168which is adjustably secured to the pump rod and is arranged to contactat predetermined points in its stroke with collars 169 and 170 connectedto each other by members 171, said collars and members taken togetherbeing connected with yoke 172 carrying arms 173 faced with leather orother frictional material and engaging friction pinions or rollers 171rotatably mounted at 175 in framework 176 removably carried by brackets177 which may be integral with or detachably secured to the housingorcasing. Cylinder cap (160) carries a sleeve 178 loosely embracing theplunger rod and provided with friction faces 179 engaging the fixedpinions before mentioned. A slight clearance is provided, as shown,between cylinder cap 161 and the walls of discharge chamber 153 belowbearing 165. This permits water to fiow from below the cap and aroundthe same on a down stroke and out through the discharge port.

The operation of the type of pump just described is as follows: Thelower end of the pump housing being connected to a source of liquidsupply and the parts being in the positions indicated in Figs. Hand 15with the plunger moving upward, water is being drawn in fromv the intakechamber 151 through ports 163 into the plunger cylinder below theplunger. At the same time water is being forced through ports 162 intothe pressure chamber above, and out through the casing forming anextension thereof to a place of use. The plunger in the position shownis nearing the end of its upward stroke, and the collar carried by theplun: ger rod is about to strike collar 169. When this occurs, frictionarms 173 are moved upward, and, acting through the friction rolls ers,move sleeve 178, and hence the cylinder, downwardly as the plunger iscompleting its upward stroke. As in the case of the horizontal 2cylinderpump previously described, the extent of this cylinder travel is such asto nearly close ports 162 to the discharge chamber, leaving them open anamount only suflicient to avoid water hammer, while ports 163 arecompletely closed. Upon reversal of the direction of plunger travel, thewater column below the piston pressing against the closed end of cap 161causes a furthershift of the plunger cylinder downward, placing ports163 in communication with the discharge chamber into which water is'forcedby the descending plunger, passing thence upwardly by way of theports 155' and passages 154: to the upper pressure chamber from which itmakes its exit through pipe 158. Meanwhile ports 162 have beensimultaneously shifted to communicate with the intake chamber,

and water enters therefrom filling the space above the descendingplunger or piston. Near the end of this stroke, the collar on the pumprod comes into contact with collar 170 causing the friction arms to movedownward and thereby, through the friction pinions and the sleevesecured to the plunger cylinder, to shift the plunger cylinder upwardlywhile the plunger itself is still de scending. Upon reversal of thedirection of lunger travel the plunger cylinder is shifted still furtherupward in the manner before described, returning the pump parts to theirpositions shown in Figs. 1 1 and 15. It will be seen that the mode ofoperation is, broadly speaking, entirely Similar to that of the duplexpump before described, but the particular details of this casing type ofpump make it particularly desirable for certain purposes and in certainconnections where the other type of pump is not conveniently employed.In this form also of my improved pump, substantial equality'of pressureon both ends of the plunger cylinder is attained, making the powerrequired to shift the cylinder verv small. As here illustrated,

the end wall of the lower pressure chamber 153 is internal with the sidewalls. For some purposes however it is desirable to close the lower endof this discharge chamber with a removable cap which may have internalthreads engaging threads on the outside of said chamber walls, or whichmay be otherwise detachably secured thereto. This arrangement permitseasy introduction and withdrawal of the pump ports.

A type of pump somewhat similar to the casing pump just described isshown in Figs. 21 to 27 inclusive. In this type of pump no specialprovision is made for an inlet chamher, the pump being designed tooperate when submerged in the liquid to be pumped. End housings 200 and201 provide discharge or pressure chambers 202 and 203 and are connectedto each other by oppositely disposed passages 20 i'-, opening into thelower chamber through ports 204. The lower end of chamber 203 may beclosed by a wall 205 east integral with the casing or housing, as shown,or it may have a detachable cap closure. Chamber 202 may be oined bycoupling member 206, or otherwise, to discharge conduit 207. At 208 and209 are provided bearings in which slide caps 210 and 211, respectively,of plunger cylinder 212. said caps being provided with ports 213. Pistonor plunger 21 1 is attached to pump rod 215 which is driven by suitablemeans, not shown. The plunger or pump rod is provided with a pin 21 1adjustably arranged to contact at proper points in the plunger strokewith collars 215 and 216 which are connected together by members 217.This arrangement is entirely similar to that described for the cylinderactuating mecha nism in Figs. 14 and 15, and the remaining parts of thiscylinder-actuating device, namely, yoke 218 carrying racks 219, fixedpinions 220, and racks 221 carried by sleeve 2 2 xtendi g p a mv an 21 r1 sitioned and are arranged to operate in substantially the same way. Itmay be here stated that any of the cylinder actuating means hereindescribed may be used with any of the several types of pumps disclosed,minor alterations of design being necessary of course in some cases. Theoperation of this submerged type of pump is entirely similar in allessential respects with the easing pump before described. The portscarried by the plunger cylinder are alternately placed in communicationwith one or the other of the communicating discharge chambers and withthe intermediate uninclosed space surrounding the plunger cylinderforming an indefinite intake or suction region. In both these types ofcasing pump it is again to be noted that the pressure on the oppositeends of the movable cylinder is substantially stand-pipe pressure; andconsequently movement of the shifting cylinder is accomplished atrelatively small expenditure of energy.

Figs. 28 to 33 inclusive are diagrams whereby the relative positions ofthe piston and plunger cylinder may be traced through a complete cycleof operations. These diagrams represent the operation of any of theforegoing types of pumps herein described. For purposes of illustrationthe general type ofcylinder-actuating means employed in the 2-eylinderpump are shown conventionally. 250 and 251 are the bearings in whichslide cylinder caps 252 and 258 of the plunger cylinder 254:. The spacebetween the bearing members represents the intake region. while spacesto the left of 250 and to the right of 251 represent the dischargeregion. 255 and 256 represent the ports of the cylinder cap. In Fig. 28piston 257 is moving toward the left and is approaching the end of itsstroke while tripper 258 is about to strike trip block 259. Port 255 iswide open to discharge and 256 is open to the intake. In Fig. 29 thepiston is shown at the end of its stroke toward the left while thetripper has pushed block 259 to the left, thus throwing knocl er 260 tothe right whereby the plunger cylinder has also been moved to the rightfar enough to almost close port 255. Port 256 is entirely closed and isjust on the point of opening to discharge. In Fig. 30 the piston hasstarted back toward the right and the pres sure of the column of waterbetween the right hand face of the piston and the opposing end of thecylinder has caused the cylinder to slide in the direction of pistontravel so as to open port 256 to discharge and 255 to intake. Fig. 31shows the piston approaching the end of its stroke toward the right andthe trip in position where it is about to throw the knocker to the leftto move the plunger cylinder in opposition to t i eadvan ng This. gu eis practically the reverse of Fig. 28. Fig. 32 is similar to Fig. 29 butshows conditions reversed. The piston has reached the end of its stroketo the right and the mechanical shifting of the plunger cylinder to theleft has occurred, port 256 being nearly closed to discharge while port255 has been closed to intake and is about to open to discharge. In Fig.33 the piston is again traveling toward the left and the secondary shiftof the plunger cylinder due to the action of the hydraulic piston formedin the cylinder has occurred. This condition continues until the pistonhas reached the position shown in Fig. 28 and the cycle has beencompleted. In thevarious specific embodiments of my inventionhereinbefore described, the bearings in the pump housing or casing onwhich the cylinder slides are of sufficient width to close the portsboth to intake and discharge when the cylinder is in certain positions.The location of the ports is such that when the ports at one end of thecylinder are thus closed, at least a part of the ports at the other endare slightly open to discharge. This condition exists, as beforeexplained, just at the end of a stroke when the plunger is close to theports left slightly open. WVith the ports at the other end entirelyclosed, the conditions for the secondary, or what may be termed thehydraulic, shift of the cylinder on the return stroke of the plunger areof course ideal, since the column of Water trapped between the cylinderhead and the intake side of the plunger compels the cylinder to shift atonce as the plunger reverses its direction of travel. Although thisshift immediately opens part way to discharge the closed ports at theother end of the cylinder. and thus to some extent lessens the positivepropulsive effect of the trapped water column, this loss is made up bythe discharge head now acting on the inside of the cylinder head at itsrear. This continues of course until the ports behind the plun er aremoved into intake position.

Vith the arrangement of ports and bearings iust described, the portsopen their full Width to discharge. but do not open completely tointake. This is indicated in the diagrams of Figs. 28 to 33. As a rulethis arrangement offers the most advantages, all things considered. Itis to be understood, howe er, that this arrangement mavbe considerablyvaried and modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

A principal object of the invention. whatever may be the specificarrangement of the ports and other details. is to provide a pump havinga slidable plunger cylinder which may be primarily shifted over adefinite proportion of its possible travel against the advancing pluner, and may then be secondarily shifted the remaining distance on thereturn stroke of the plunger and in the same direction. While I find itbest ordinarily to produce this secondary shift of the cylinderhydraulically, as in the embodiments of my invention here illustrated, Idesire not to be limited to accomplishing the secondary shift in thisway only. In some instances, positive mechanical control and actuationof the plunger cylinder throughout the entire distance between itslimitsv of reciprocation is desirable. In any case however, an earlyportion of the cylinder movement in a given direction is opposed to thatof plunger travel at that time, while the balance of the cylindermovement in that direction occurs after reversal in the direction ofplunger travel.

What I claim is I 1. A hydraulic pump comprising an intake chamber and adischarge chamber suitably isolated from each other, a movably mountedplunger cylinder with closed ends having limited freedom of movementlongitudinally and provided with ports arranged to open into either saidintake or said discharge chamber depending upon the position of suchmovable cylinder relative to said chambers, a plunger or piston arrangedto reciprocate within said cylinder, means for driving said plunger, andauxiliary means for moving said cylinder relative to said chambers.

2. A hydraulic pump comprising an intake chamber and a dischargechamber, a slidably mounted plunger cylinder having a closed end andcapable of limited movement longitudinally, a port in such slidablecylinder adjacent the closed end thereof and arranged to open intoeither said intake or said discharge chamber depending upon the positionof such slidable cylinder relative to said chambers, a plunger or pistonarranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, means for driving saidplunger, and auxiliary means for moving said cylinder relative to saidchambers.

' 3. A hydraulic pump comprising a housing i'nclosing a dischargechamber, a plunger cylinder having a closed end and mounted in such amanner as to be movable relative to said housing, a port in saidcylinder adjacent the closed end thereof and arranged to open into oroutside of said dis- 7 charge chamber depending upon the position ofsaid movable cylinder relative to said chamber, a plunger arranged toreciprocate w1th1n 'sald cylinder, means for driving said plunger, andauxiliary means for moving versa, a suitably actuated plunger arrangedto reciprocate within said cylinder, and means for shifting saidcylinder in a direction opposite to that of plunger travel during astroke.

5. A pump comprising a pair of oppositely disposed walled chambers, acylinder arranged between said chambers and slidably mounted near itsopposite ends in closely fitting alined openings in the walls of saidchambers, said cylinder being ca pable of longitudinal reciprocationwithin definite limits, a lateral port located near each end of saidcylinder and arranged to open into the chamber adjacent that end of thecylinder, or to open into the region between the chambers, dependingupon the position of the slidable cylinder relative to the chambers, aplunger fitting closely within said cylinder and arranged to reciprocatetherein, means for actuating said plunger, and means for mechanicallymovingsaid cylinder through a part only of the total distance betweenits limits of reciprocation.

6. A pump comprising a pair of oppositely disposed walled chambers, acylinder arranged between said chambers and slidably mounted near itsopposite ends in closely fitting alined openings in the Walls of saidchambers, said cylinder being capable of longitudinal reciprocationwithin definite limits, a lateral port located near each end of saidcylinder and arranged to open into the chamber adjacent that end of thecylinder, or to open into the region between the chambers, dependingupon the position of the slidable cylinder relative to the chambers, aplunger fitting closely with.- in said cylinder and arranged toreciprocate therein, means for actuating said plunger, and means formechanically moving said cylinder through a part only of the totaldistance between its limits of reciprocation, said means being arrangedto operate when the plunger is nearing the end of a stroke.

7. A pump comprising a pair of oppositely disposed walled chambers, acylinder arranged between said chambers and slidably mounted near itsopposite ends in closely fitting alined openings in the walls of saidchambers, said cylinder being capable of longitudinal reciprocationwithin definite limits, a lateral port located near each end of saidcylinder and arranged to open into the chamber adjacent that end of thecylinder, or to open into the region between the chambers, dependingupon the position of the slidable cylinder relative to the chambers, aplunger fitting closely within said cylinder and arranged to reciprocatethere in, means for actuating said plunger, and means for mechanicallymoving said cylinder through a part only of the total distance betweenits limits of reciprocation,

said means being arranged to operate when the plunger is nearing the endof a stroke and to shift the cylinder in a direction opposite to that ofplunger travel at that time.

8. A hydraulic pump comprising a pair of oppositely disposed walledchambers, a suitable passage connecting the same, said chambers andconnecting passage forming a pressure or discharge region, and the spacebetween said chambers being an intake region, a pair of alined openings,one in a wall of each said chamber, a reciprocable plunger cylinder withclosed ends slidably carried and closely engaged by the edges of saidalined openings, ports in said cylinder arranged to open into saiddischarge region and said intake region as the cylinder reciprocates, aplunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, means forreciprocating said plunger, and means for moving said cylinder in adirection opposed to that of plunger travel at a predetermined point inthe plunger stroke.

9. A hydraulic pump comprising a walled discharge chamber a plungercylinder provided with a head and arranged for reciprocation through thewall of said discharge chamber, a port located near the head of saidcylinder and arranged to be presented alternately to the interior andthe exterior of said chamber by the reciprocation of said cylinder, apiston or plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder andprovided with driving means, and means operating at each stroke of theplunger toward the head of the cylinder to move the cylinder relative tosaid discharge chamber.

10. A hydraulic pump comprising a Walled discharge chamber, a plungercylinder provided with a head and arranged for reciprocation through thewall of said discharge chamber, a port located near the head of saidcylinder and arranged to be presented alternately to the interior andthe exterior of said chamber by the reciprocation of said cylinder, apiston or plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder andprovided with driving means, and means operating during the latter partof each stroke of the plunger toward the head of the cylinder to movethe cylinder relative to said discharge chamber.

11. A hydraulic pump comprising a walled discharge chamber, a plungercylinder provided with a head and arranged for reciprocation through thewall of said discharge chamber, a port located near the head of saidcylinder and arranged to be presented alternately to the interior andthe exterior of said chamber by the reciprocation of said cylinder, apiston or plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder andprovided with driving means, and means operating during the later partof each stroke of the plunger toward the head cylinder in oppositionto'the adjacent each head, bearings supporting said cylinder andpermitting longitudinal reciprocation thereof whereby the ports adjacenteach head may be alternately moved into and out of said dischargechamber, a plunger arranged to reciprocate Within said cylinder,

means for driving said plunger, and means forshifting said cylinder inOpposition said plunger.

13. A hydraulic lateral extensions, a movable cylinder extending betweensaid extensions and provided with a head at each'end and having a portadjacent each head, an aperture in the wall of each said lateralextensi0n, said apertures being in alinement and the edges thereofengaging the sides of said cylinder with aclose sliding fit, and saidcylinder being movable longitudinally to present the port adjacent eachhead on either side of the apertured wall o1 the corresponding 'lateralextension, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, meansfor driving said plunger and means for moving said,

plunger near the endof each plunger stroke. I

14. A pumpicomprismg aipalr of commus nicating discharge chambers, alongitudinally reciprocable cylinder provided with suitable headsextending therebetween and projecting thereinto, a lateral port or portsnear each end of said cylinder arranged to open into or outside of thecorresponding discharge chamber depending. upon the position of thecylinder, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, meansfor reciprocating said plunger, and means operating near the end of eachstroke of the plunger to move the cylinder in the opposite direction a'sufiicient distance to partly close the port or ports near that end ofthe cylinder to discharge. a

15. A pump comprising a pair of communicating discharge chambers, alongitudinally reciprocable cylinder provided with suitable headsextending therebetween and projecting thereinto, lateral port or portsnear each end of said cylinder arranged to open into or-outside of thecorresponding discharge chamber depending upon the position of thecylinder, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, meansfor reciprocating said plunger, and means operating near the end of eachstroke of the plunger to move the cylinder in the opposite direction asufficient distance to partly close the port or ports near that end ofthe cylinder to discharge, while the port or portsnear.

Walled discharge chamber having a pair of nally reciprocable were;

16. pump comprising. a pair of commu nicating discharge chambers, alongitudinally reciprocable cylinder provided with suitableheadsextending therebetween and projecting thereinto, an intake chamberadjacent said cylinder, a lateral port or ports near each end of saidcylinder arranged to open into the corresponding discharge chamber orinto said intake chamber depending upon thepos itionof the cylinder, aplunger arranged-to reciprocate ,WltlllIl SiIlCl' cyl nder,

means for reciprocating said plunger, and 1 means operating near the endof each stroke Y of the plunger to move the cylinder in the pumpcomprising a opposite direction a .sufficient distance to;

partly close the port or ports near hat end 7 end to intake. i v r V V17. A pump comprising a pair of communicating discharge chambers, anintake chamber located there etween, a longitudicylinder extendingthrough said intake chamberand projecting into said discharge chambers,a lateralport or ports near each end of said cylinder arranged to openinto the correspondingdischarge chamber or into said intake. chamberdepending upon the position of the cylinder, a plunger arrangedtoreciprocate within said cylinder, means for reciprocating saidplunger, and means operating near the end ofeach, stroke of'the plungerto move the] cylindenin theopposite direction asuflicient distance topartly close the/port or ports near thatend of the cylinder to dischargeand to completely close the port or ports near the other end to intake.

18. A pump comprisinga housing interiorly divided by walls integraltherewith into an intake chamber, and a discharge chamber parallelthereto, said discharge chamber having lateral extensions located atopposite ends of said intake chamber, a slidably mounted cylinderextending through said intake chamber and projecting into'said lateralextensions of the discharge chamber, a port or ports adjacent each end iof the cylinder and arranged toopen into or outside of the correspondingdischarge chamber depending upon the position of the cylinder, aplunger, arranged to reciprocate Within said cylinder, means forreciprocating said plunger, and means operating near the end of eachstroke of the plunger to move the cylinder in the opposite direction asufficient distance to partly close the port or ports near that end ofthe cylinder to discharge.

19-. A hydraulic pump comprising a pair of communicating dischargechambers, a longitudinally reciprocable cylinder provided with suitableheads extending therebetvveen and projecting thereinto, a lateral berperiodically. 1

20. A hydraulic pump comprisingapair of communicating dischargechambers, a longitudinally reciprocable cylinder provided with suitableheads extending therebetween and projecting thereinto, a lateral port orports near each end of said cylinder arranged to open into or outside ofthe corresponding discharge chamber depending upon the position of thecylinder, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder,

means for reciprocating said plunger, and

means controlled by the plunger-reciprocating means and operative nearthe end of the plunger stroke for moving the cylinder in opposition tosaid plunger.

21. A hydraulic pump comprising an intake chamber and a dischargechamber, a plurality of cylinders reciprocably mounted adjacent saidchambers and each having ports arranged to be placed in communicationwith said intake and said discharge chamber alternately by thereciprocation of the cylinders, a suitably driven plunger arranged toreciprocate within each cylinder, and means for shifting each cylinderat a predetermined point in the stroke of its plunger in a directionopposed to that of plunger travel to augment the velocity of the fluidbeing pumped.

22. A pump comprising an elongated centrally disposed intake chamberhaving a plurality of lateral extensions of approximately similarlength, adischarge chamber adjacent said intake chamber and connected topressure chambers arranged one at each end of said intake extensions, aplurality of cylinders, each extending through an intake extension andprojecting into the corresponding pressure chambers at the ends thereof,said cylinders being mounted for reciprocation and having ports neareach end arranged to open to intake or discharge as the cylindersreciprocate, suitably driven plungers arranged for sliding reciprocationwithin said cylinders, and means for moving each cylinder prior to theend of each stroke of its plunger in opposition to said plunger, wherebythe cylinder ports on the discharge side of said piston are nearlyclosed to dis charge while the ports on the opposite side thereof areclosed to intake.

23. A hydraulic pump comprising two cylindrical intake chambers openinginto a passage arranged therebetween, a discharge chamber adjacent saidpassage and connected with inclosed terminal pressure spaces arranged atthe opposite ends of the cylindrical intake chambers, a movable cylinderextending through each intake chamber and projecting into said terminalpressure spaces, said cylinders being mounted for reciprocation andhaving ports near each end arranged to open to intake or discharge asthe cylinders reciprocate, suitably driven plungers arranged for slidingreciprocation within said cylinders, and means for moving each cylinderprior to the end of each stroke of its plunger in opposition to saidplunger to augment the velocity of the fluid being pumped.

24. In a pump, a cylinder mounted for limited longitudinal reciprocationand having ports adapted to function alternately as inlet or dischargeports, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder and meansoperative to move said cylinder over less than the whole distancebetween its limits of reciprocation.

25. In a hydraulic pump, a cylinder mounted for limited longitudinalreciprocation and having ports adapted to function alternately as inletor discharge ports, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within saidcylinder and means operative to move said cylinder in a directionopposed to that of plunger travel at a given time to augment thevelocity of the fluid being pumped.

26. In a pump, a cylinder having suitable heads and provided withlateral port openings, a mounting for said cylinder permittinglongitudinal movement of said cylinder for a limited distance, asuitably driven plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder,and means for mechanically shifting said cylinder over a part of saiddistance in a-direction opposed to that of plunger travel as saidplunger approaches an end of its stroke, said cylinder being arranged tobe hydraulically shifted the remainder of said distance, after theplunger reverses its direction of travel, by the. pressure of liquidtrapped between the piston and the head at the opposite end of thecylinder. 27. In a pump, a plunger cylinder mounted for reciprocationand provided with apertures adapted to function as intake and dischargeports, a plunger arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, means foractuating said plunger and means for moving said cylinder, suchcylinder-moving means being arranged to move said cylinder through apart of its travel in opposition to the plunger, while the balance ofsuch travel occurs in the direction of plunger travel.

28. In a pump, a cylinder mounted for limited longitudinal reciprocationand pro-

